This report presents the results of the Phase 1 Ecological and Socio-Economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) in four communities in Vanuatu: Laone (Pentecost Island) and Tenmaru, Wiawi, South West Bay (Malekula Island). The study aimed to establish a planning database to identify ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) options to enhance resilience to climate change and anthropogenic impacts.
Methods and Data Sources:
The study relied on five main data sources to prioritize EbA solutions:
- Assessment of literature on effective EbA policies and mechanisms.
- Ecosystem service valuation based on land-use maps.
- Overview of climate risk data.
153 household surveys (683 members) on livelihoods and risks.
Three "go-along" field surveys were conducted to assess community assets and projects.
Key findings:
- Households are heavily reliant on subsistence farming and ecosystem services.
- Climate change (storms, droughts, floods, erosion) combined with anthropogenic pressures seriously threaten food security.
- Conservation awareness is limited; many community members are unaware of existing conservation efforts or boundaries.
- Communities are increasingly dependent on processed foods, raising concerns about long-term health.
EbA priority recommendations:
- Agriculture: Expand extension services, diversify crops, and improve soil conservation techniques.
- Water and Sanitation: Prioritize stormwater harvesting and improved waste management to reduce pollution risks.
- Conservation: Invest in sustainable forest management and establish marine protected areas to sustain resources.
The next phase of the project will focus on a detailed cost-benefit analysis of adaptation options and the development of a capacity-building strategy for implementation.
