Definition and Context
Nature-based solutions (NbS) are actions to protect, restore, and manage natural or semi-natural ecosystems to address societal challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss, while promoting sustainable development. While NbS is receiving significant attention from governments and the private sector, implementation requires caution to avoid potential misdirection risks.
Key Concerns
Misunderstanding or misuse of NbS raises several concerns:
- Overemphasis on reforestation as a "silver bullet" can distract from the urgent need to eliminate fossil fuels.
- Lack of local community involvement can lead to violations of rights and negative social consequences (green grabbing).
- If not properly designed, NbS projects can harm biodiversity instead of conserving it.
Four Core Principles for Success
Planners and practitioners should adhere to four principles to ensure sustainable benefits:
- NbS is not a substitute for rapid reduction of fossil fuels.
- NbS must encompass a wide range of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, not just forests.
- Implementation must involve the full participation and consensus of indigenous peoples and local communities, respecting their rights.
- NbS needs to be clearly designed to deliver measurable benefits to biodiversity.
A Holistic Approach
A more holistic approach is needed, integrating NbS into the sustainability strategy of the entire society. This includes participatory design, a full assessment of benefits and risks, and the application of a robust governance framework to prevent "greenwashing" in financing and corporate commitments.
